Being aware of possible breast cancer symptoms can help with earlier diagnosis and, in some cases, improve outcomes. Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in the UK, and recognising changes early allows for prompt assessment and treatment where needed.

It is important to remember that most breast changes are not caused by cancer, but any new or unusual symptom should be checked by a healthcare professional.

 

Why Awareness Matters

Breast cancer does not always cause pain, particularly in its early stages. Some people may notice only subtle changes.

Rather than performing structured self-examinations, current UK guidance encourages breast awareness. This means becoming familiar with how your breasts normally look and feel, so you are more likely to notice any changes.

Early assessment of unusual symptoms can:

•     Help identify potential problems sooner
•     Allow for earlier diagnosis where applicable
•     Support a wider range of treatment options

 

Common Signs of Breast Cancer

Symptoms can vary between individuals, but the following are recognised warning signs. Having one or more of these does not mean you have cancer, but they should be assessed if they are new, persistent, or unusual for you.

 

1. A New Lump or Thickening

A new lump in the breast or underarm is one of the most well-known signs.

•     It may or may not be painful
•     It can be soft or firm
•     It may be smooth or irregular

Any new lump or area of thickening should be checked by a GP.

 

2. Changes in Breast Size, Shape, or Contour

Unexplained changes to one breast may include:

•     Swelling in part of the breast
•     A change in overall size or shape
•     Distortion or change in contour

 

3. Changes to the Skin of the Breast

Look out for:

•     Dimpling or puckering of the skin
•     Redness or inflammation
•     Thickened skin
•     Skin that appears similar to an orange peel

These changes can sometimes be associated with underlying breast conditions.

 

4. Nipple Changes

Changes affecting the nipple may include:

•     Nipple turning inward (inversion) if this is new
•     Pain or discomfort in the nipple area
•     Unusual discharge, especially if bloody or occurring without squeezing

 

5. Swelling or Lumps in Nearby Areas

Swelling or lumps in the surrounding areas may indicate enlarged lymph nodes:

•     In the armpit
•     Around the collarbone

 

6. Persistent or Unusual Breast Pain

Breast pain is common and is usually not linked to cancer. However, persistent pain in one area, especially if it is new and unexplained, should be assessed.

 

When Should You See a GP?

You should consider seeking medical advice if you notice:

•     A new lump or thickening
•     Changes in breast shape, size, or appearance
•     Skin or nipple changes
•     Persistent pain in one area
•     Swelling in the armpit or around the collarbone

Even a single symptom warrants a check, particularly if it persists.

 

A Balanced Approach

Most breast changes are caused by non-cancerous conditions. However, it is important not to ignore symptoms that are unusual for you.

The key is to:

•     Be familiar with your normal breast appearance and feel.
•     Notice any persistent or unusual changes
•     Seek medical advice when needed

 

Final Thoughts

Awareness of breast changes is an important part of maintaining your health. While symptoms are often harmless, getting them checked promptly can provide reassurance or allow for early investigation if needed.

If you are ever unsure about a change, a GP can assess your symptoms and guide you on the next steps.